- Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. France was at war with England and Spain. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. - Leith blockade. Norfolk was killed in 1572. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Why was France a threat? Henry himself gave people cause . Dedicated to. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . LS23 6AD One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. First English colony in Virginia established. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. This increased tension between England and Spain. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. West Yorkshire, From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Boston Spa, Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea.

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